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Melicope knudsenii

(Hillebr.) T.G.Hartley & B.C.Stone (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Genus: Melicope

alani, alani kuahiwi

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Medium-sized trees 3–10(–13) m tall.

Stems: Trunks up to 30 cm in diameter, bark smooth, gray, new growth densely yellowish brown to olive brown tomentose, branches tomentose, gradually glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades oblong–ovate to oblong–elliptic or elliptic, 9–25 cm long, 4.5–10 cm wide. Apex obtuse to rounded, often minutely emarginate. Base weakly cordate, sometimes basal lobes apparently connate. Upper surfaces glabrous except midrib sparsely pilose; lower surfaces densely and uniformly olive brown tomentose; blades coriaceous. Margins entire. Primary lateral veins usually 12–16 pairs, prominent at least on lower surface, spreading and somewhat arcuate, distally curved, connected by an arched vein 2–16 mm from margin, venation pinnate, lateral veins connected by an arched submarginal vein, higher order venation forming a reticulate pattern. Petioles 20–60 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers (3–) 20–200 in axillary cymes 3–15 cm long, densely tomentose throughout, uppermost bracteoles deltate, tomentose, lower ones lanceolate, 5–15 mm long, peduncles angular, stiff, (10–)30–60 mm long, pedicels 3–5 mm long, tomentose; sepals deltate, 3–4 mm long, densely silky gray appressed pilose, persistent in fruit, bracts small, opposite. Flowers bisexual (perfect) or unisexual(?). Calyx of 4 sepals; sepals imbricate. Corolla of 4 petals; petals valvate, oblong–ovate, 5–6 mm long, densely silky gray appressed pilose. Stamens 8, in 2 whorls, distinct, reduced but always present in functionally pistillate flowers. Ovary superior, glabrous or pilose in lower ½, rudimentary in staminate flowers; style ca. 4 mm long; stigmas ca. 2 mm long. ovary 4-celled and 4-lobed, carpels connate, only slightly distinct at apex to almost entirely distinct; ovules 2 per cell, hemitropous, 1 ascending; style 1, terminating in 4 short stigmatic branches.

Fruit: Fruit 18–30 mm wide; of distinct follicles 8–14 mm long; exocarp glabrous and glandular punctate; endocarp glabrous. the carpels dehiscing along the upper suture; exocarp. Seeds 1–2; 5–6 mm long; glossy black when ripe; crustaceous; ovoid; sometimes angled from compression; embryo straight in fleshy endosperm; radicle short; cotyledons compressed; ovate; putamen brown; warty.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Scattered collections from dry to mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 910–1,000 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic
Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Taxon 38: 121 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1192 (K, EM [as Pelea knudsenii]); Hartley & Stone 1989:121 (COMBNOV, Syn. P. knudsenii = M. knudsenii)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Pouteria sandwicensis, Bobea timonioides, Psydrax odorata, Elaeocarpus, Rauvolfia, Diospyros, Melicope pallida, Perrottetia, Santalum freycinetianum, Pteralyxia kauaiensis, Melicope feddei, Pritchardia minor, Nestegis, Tetraplasandra kauaiensis, Hibiscus waimeae, Flueggea neowawraea, Sophora chrysophylla, Alectryon Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 9153 Kauai BISH 2001-10-18
2 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Xylosma, Antidesma, Alectryon, Pouteria. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 279 Kauai BISH 1990-03-30
3 Melicope knudsenii Auwahi Small tree growing on Pennisetum clandestinum covered a`a lava in dry open, native forest. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 714 Maui BISH 1967-11-11
4 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 391 Maui BISH 1915-02-12
5 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On native cliffs and side streams large Kukui grove on stream junction. In Diospyros-Metrosideros lowland mesic forest with Alectryon, Streblus, Flueggea, Myrsine, Antidesma, Pouteria, Canthium, Pleomele, Tetraplasandra, Lantana, Hibiscus. Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 13400 Kauai BISH 1993-03-08
6 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Diverse lowland forest w/ Kokia, Alectryon, Metrosideros, Nestegis, Melicope haupuensis & M. knudsenii, N facing slope above stream. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 2125 Kauai BISH 1992-10-22
7 Melicope knudsenii Auwahi Dry open forest S slope of SW shoulder of Haleakala. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1982 Maui BISH 1971-07-09
8 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details closed to open Metrosideros-Diospyros mixed mesic forest with riparian vegetation. W/ Cheirodendron fauriei, Antidesma platyphylla, Pouteria sandwicensis, Pleomele aurea, Dodonaea viscosa, Pritchardia minor, understory ferns of Microlepia strigosa, Diplazium sandwichianum, Dryopteri Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 12455 Kauai BISH 2007-07-04
9 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lowland mesic summer dry disturbed forest; associated plants Nestegis, Pteralyxia, Kokia, Pisonia, Dodonaea, Antidesma, Myrsine, Psychotria, Zanthoxylum, Melicope, Diospyros, Bobea, Lipochaeta. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 439 Kauai BISH 1990-11-14
10 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In remnant native mesic forest, with Metrosideros, Xylosma, Antidesma, Hibiscus, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea, Lantana, Microlepia. Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 3257 Kauai BISH 1989-09-09
11 Melicope knudsenii East Maui, Hana District, S slope of Haleakala, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen van Steenis, C.G.G.J. 63 Maui BISH 1961-09-03
12 Melicope knudsenii East Maui, Haleakala, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8646 Maui BISH 1912-03-01
13 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8646 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
14 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8646 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
15 Melicope knudsenii East Maui, Haleakala, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8646 Maui BISH 1912-03-01
16 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Knudsen 210 Kauai BISH
17 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Vockrodt, J. 314 Maui BISH 1959-02-06
18 Melicope knudsenii East Maui, Auwahi-Kanaio, S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 5606 Maui BISH 1983-10-04
19 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8646 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
20 Melicope knudsenii Puu Ouli (?). S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 2137 Maui BISH 1920-04-04
21 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Medeiros, A.C. 560 Maui BISH 1983-10-04
22 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8646 Maui BISH 1910-10-01
23 Melicope knudsenii Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 223 Maui BISH 1915-02-12
24 Melicope knudsenii East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Lennox, C. Maui BISH 1971-03-30
25 Melicope knudsenii East Maui, Hana District, Auwahi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8646 Maui BISH 1912-03-01
26 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Maui BISH 1912-03-01
27 Melicope knudsenii East Maui, Auwahi, S slope of Haleakala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1969 Maui BISH 1920-03-15
28 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 41610 Maui BISH 2016-04-18
29 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 391 Maui BISH 1915-02-12
30 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. Maui BISH 1961-01-01
31 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lydgate, J.M. Kauai BISH
32 Melicope knudsenii Puu Mahoi Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 8993 Maui BISH 2001-06-11
33 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8646 Maui BISH 1910-11-01
34 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. Maui BISH 1961-01-01
35 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Knudsen 210 Kauai BISH
36 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mesic forest with Isodendrion, Euphorbia haeleeleana, Dodonaea viscosa, Diospyros sandwicensis, Freycinetia, Hedyotis terminalis, Pleomele aurea, Diplazium sandwichianum, Hedyotis knudsenii, Spidium guajava, Lantana Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 5835 Kauai BISH 1996-11-27
37 Melicope knudsenii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia koa- Metrosideros mesic forest. With Xylosma hawaiiense, Planchonella sandwicensis, Psychotria greenwelliae, Scaevola procera, Nestegis sandwicensis, Ilex anomala, Syzgium sandwicensis, Myoporum sandwicense, Plomele aurea, Kadua a Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 24109 Kauai BISH 2014-08-27
38 Melicope knudsenii S slope of Haleakala Crater, 8 mi E of Ulupalakua Dry forest on lava. Preserved_Specimen Little Jr., E.L. 31126 Maui BISH 1976-08-26
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